Interview par Virginie Allard (BXFM 104.3) Virginie Allard interviewing DrAudrey-Flore Ngomsik

EPC Copendium 2025 For  #IWD2025 , the  European Policy Centre  asked me to write my view on this statement "Together, we are powerful" for their annual copendium. Knowing the actual political climate, I thought that the theme was spot on. As the scientist that I am, I have decided to give my scientific view on that statement. Take the time to also read the different perspectives on the matter of  Ana Berdzenishvili ,  Arnaldo Mina Mendoza ,  Beatrice White ,  Brooke Moore , @Chaka Welch,  Danielle Brady ,  Elizabeth Kuiper ,  Emma Woodford ,  Fabian Zuleeg ,  Georgia Mourad Brooks ,  Giulia Torchio ,  Guido Broekhoven ,  Iana Maisuradze , @Irune Aguirrezabal Quijera,  Jibecke Joensson, PhD ,  Joanna Maycock , @Juliet Lawal, @Katy Gil, @Kel Nkondock,  Laura Sullivan ,  Liza Saris ,  Madda Henry Magbity ,  Méabh Mc Mahon ,  Nina Brkuljan ,  Roberta Metsola ,  Samia Mármol Conejo ,  Thanos Dellatolas ,  Tyana Barry , @Wael Maâninou,  Xheimina Dervishi ,  Corina Stratulat  and  Attila Kovacs . The article has been originally published here . Together we are powerful - A scientific view My contribution is page 4. Together we are powerful - A scientific view

Last week, I found myself immersed in the vibrant energy of MWC Barcelona 2025 , one of the world's largest and most influential trade shows for the mobile and telecommunications industry. As someone who has dedicated two decades to sustainability, as a researcher, as an executive, and as a CSR strategist, I approached this massive technology showcase with both excitement and a healthy dose of skepticism. MWC 2025 Barcelona The AI revolution on display at MWC Barcelona The sheer magnitude of the event was staggering, imagine an airport with 8 terminals... That was that big! Though perhaps I shouldn't have been surprised. If we're applying Artificial Intelligence to every aspect of our lives, shouldn't the showcase for such applications be equally vast? Walking through the exhibition halls, I was bombarded with slogans about "AI made for people," "AI serving people," and "AI helping people." These messages reminded me of Honorine Umuhire 's insightful observation: "Cybersecurity and technology are about people, they need to put people first... and the sector seems to understand that now." It appears the AI industry is following that prediction. Hallelujah! Or so it seemed at first glance. The data dilemma My skeptical side quickly emerged. Before we celebrate AI as our universal problem-solver, we must confront a fundamental truth: AI is only as good as the data that feeds it. If the quality of our data is poor, how can we expect AI to help us solve the 21st century's challenges in a fair and equitable way? This question took on new urgency as I observed the event's operations. From the registration process to the mandatory app for digital tickets, to the eagerness of attendees to try new technologies at every stand, the amount of personal data and images being collected was concerning. What happens to this information after the event concludes? Is it destroyed, sold, or repurposed in ways we haven't consented to? The AI-sustainability paradox AI-powered sustainability slogan When I see slogans where "AI" and "sustainability" stand side by side in the same phrase, I always feel perplexed. Is this a new type of greenwashing that we've collectively accepted? The concept of "AI-powered sustainability" certainly seems attractive, and it works in many cases: Smart grid systems reducing energy consumption by up to 30% in cities like Copenhagen and Singapore Precision agriculture technologies helping farmers increase yields with fewer resources AI-powered modeling making climate predictions more accurate and helping communities prepare for change Blockchain enabling transparent supply chains that verify ethical and sustainable practices But isn't this potentially counterproductive, especially when we know AI is "drying up the planet"? The questions we must ask As sustainability professionals, we need to ask hard questions: Is the energy usage of AI applications (which can be up to 1000 times more intensive than traditional applications) worth the marginal benefits they provide? Should tech companies be held accountable for their environmental impact, especially when they abandon carbon neutrality to prioritize AI development? We know these issues exist, yet we continue down this path. Remorse or regret? A magazine cover I once saw asked: "Is it better to have remorse or regrets?" In ten years, will we regret having used AI without fully understanding the consequences, when only billionaires like Elon Musk and Bernard Arnault will enjoy basic resources because they've depleted what we have for their personal profit? Or will we regret not embracing this new industrial revolution if we let it pass us by? Take some time to watch the serie called " Extrapolation ", this is very well illustrated there. My panel experience: Talent for a sustainable future During the conference, I had the privilege of speaking on a panel titled " Talent for a Sustainable Future: A Look Beyond Digital Skills." It was refreshing to see so many women participating. I shared my pivotal career moment, the experience that defined what kind of scientist I would become, and discussed algorithmic biases and their detrimental impact on climate change mitigation efforts. Algorithmic bias stems from a lack of diversity in the creation, preparation, and processing of data, resulting in unequal treatment of users. Knowing that climate change catastrophes emphasis systemic inequalities that already exist in society, I emphasized that the primary role of the digital sector should be to ensure equitable treatment for all users. Sabrina Steinerga, Amina Boubendir, Maria Paula Caycedi, Han Wen, Dr Audrey-Flore Ngomsik, Edouard Martin Conclusion My experience at MWC Barcelona 2025 was eye-opening. The technology on display was undeniably impressive, but as someone who has spent two decades championing sustainability, I left with as many questions as answers. The intersection of AI and sustainability represents both enormous opportunity and significant risk. Our challenge now is to harness the former while mitigating the latter, ensuring that technology truly serves people and planet, not just profit.

The financial reality of climate change The numbers are staggering. In 2025, more than $250 billion in damages from Los Angeles wildfires alone.[1] In 2024, the top 10 climate disasters have cost the world $228 billion, claimed more than 2000 lives, destroyed over 12,300 structures, and burned more than14,000 acres in what may become the costliest disaster in U.S. history.[2] The Los Angeles wildfires are climate disasters compounded | Extreme weather | The Guardian “Most of these estimates are based only on insured losses, meaning the true financial costs are likely to be even higher, while the human costs are often uncounted". Christian Aid, a global NGO What is procurement and why does it matter? Think of procurement as your company's shopping department. When a business needs anything from office supplies to manufacturing materials to shipping services, procurement is responsible for finding suppliers and making purchases. At Trianon Scientific Communication (Trianon), we've guided dozens of organizations through procurement transformations that have dramatically reduced their climate impact. Through our Sustainable Procurement Toolkit , we've helped businesses quantify and visualize these transformations. In fact, procurement isn't just a company's "shopping department", it's a powerful lever for meaningful climate action. Procurement department When a business needs anything from office supplies to manufacturing materials to shipping services, procurement makes decisions that cascade throughout the entire carbon footprint. For example, when a company buys 1,000 plastic chairs for its offices, procurement determines: Who makes the chairs (a factory running on coal or solar power?) What they're made of (virgin plastic or recycled materials?) How they're shipped (by plane, truck, or more efficient rail?) What happens at end-of-life (landfill or recycling program?) 1000 office plastic chairs Through our client engagements, we've seen how each of these decisions can transform the total carbon footprint of even simple purchases like office chairs. Understanding carbon footprints. When companies talk about reducing their "carbon footprint," they break emissions into three categories: Scope 1:  Emissions you create directly Example:  The exhaust from your company's delivery trucks or the natural gas burned in your factory Scope 2:  Emissions from the energy you buy (Indirect emissions from purchased electricity and energy) Example:  The electricity powering your office building or warehouse Scope 3:  Emissions from everything else in your value chain (All other indirect emissions in a company's value chain) Example:  The emissions created when your supplier manufactures the products you sell, or when customers use your products What are scope 1, 2 and 3 [©Certainty] Why Trianon Scientific Communication positions procurement at the center of decarbonization. Through our extensive client work, we've discovered that procurement directly influences up to 70% of a company's carbon footprint. These decisions ripple throughout an organization's entire emissions profile, affecting all three scopes. Scope 3 typically represents the largest portion of a company's carbon footprint. According to recent studies, these supply chain emissions are up to 26 times greater than a company's direct operations.[3] This is precisely where our sustainability consulting and toolkit have driven the most significant change. How our clients' procurement choices changed their climate impact. Example 1: Office furniture purchase Our client's traditional approach:  One of our clients previously bought the cheapest desks available, made from non-sustainable wood and shipped from overseas. Trianon's climate-smart approach:  We helped procurement find locally-made desks from certified sustainable wood, reducing shipping emissions by 80% and supporting forest conservation. Example 2: Company vehicle fleet Our client's traditional approach:  Another client was leasing conventional gas-powered vehicles based solely on lowest monthly payment. Trianon's climate-smart approach:  We developed a holistic transport strategy that incorporated multiple mobility options: Electric vehicles for essential company cars, reducing emissions by 65% Corporate bike-sharing program for short trips, which eliminated 15% of local car journeys Public transport subsidies that increased employee usage by 40% Hybrid work policy reducing commuting needs by 30% Carpooling platform that increased average vehicle occupancy from 1.2 to 2.4 persons This integrated approach not only cut transport emissions by 72% but reduced total mobility costs by 28% over three years while improving employee satisfaction and wellbeing. The Business Case Simulator provided clear financial projections that convinced the CFO to approve the initiative. Example 3: Food service supplier Our client's traditional approach:   A tech company contracted with the food service provider offering the lowest per-meal cost for their company cafeteria. Trianon's climate-smart approach:   We facilitated a partnership with a provider offering seasonal, locally-sourced options that reduced transportation emissions and food waste while improving employee satisfaction. The Sustainable Procurement Toolkit's customized analysis demonstrated that while meal costs increased by 8%, overall employee productivity and retention benefits created a positive ROI within 18 months. The evolving role of the Chief Procurement Officer (CPO) "The role of Chief Procurement Officers now extends beyond 'better, cheaper, faster' to driving green procurement as a key strategy for global climate goals" notes a recent industry report.[4] Through Trianon's executive training programs , and the data-driven insights provided by our Sustainable Procurement Toolkit , we've helped today's CPOs lead the systemic changes needed to build resilient, low-carbon supply chains. This represents a fundamental shift in how procurement functions within organizations, from transactional cost centers to strategic value creators with environmental impact at their core. Why sustainable procurement makes financial sense While climate action is often framed as an ethical imperative, the financial case for procurement-led decarbonization is compelling: 1. Cost efficency (Avoiding the cost of climate inaction) In Europe, the devastating 2021 floods (Belgium, Germany and surrounding countries) illustrate the catastrophic costs of climate-related disasters. With economic damage estimated between €30-40 billion and insured losses between €8-10 billion, these events demonstrate how climate change directly impacts business operations, insurance premiums, property values, and supply chain stability. For our clients, these costs manifest as: For businesses, these costs manifest as: Supply chain disruptions Higher insurance premiums (if coverage remains available at all) Physical damage to assets Operational interruptions Reduced asset values Our consulting team has helped procurement departments play several critical roles in mitigating these impacts: Risk assessment and supplier diversification: We've guided procurement teams to identify supply chain vulnerabilities related to geographic concentration and establish relationships with alternate suppliers in unaffected regions. Sustainable procurement practices: Our team has implemented climate-conscious procurement policies that reduced overall climate impact while building resilience against extreme weather events. Our Sustainable Procurement Toolkit helped quantify these benefits in financial terms that resonate with CFOs and executive leadership. Technology investment: We've advised on procurement of advanced monitoring systems, predictive analytics tools, and climate modeling software to improve early warning capabilities and response planning. Supply chain visibility: We have deployed management solutions that provide end-to-end visibility, allowing for quicker identification of disruption points and faster recovery. Inventory management: We've developed strategies for buffer inventory of critical components, minimizing operational interruptions during supply chain disruptions. 2. Capturing cost savings and efficiency gains Sustainable procurement drives tangible financial benefits through: Reduced energy consumption and costs Lower resource usage Minimized waste management expenses Streamlined logistics Improved operational efficiency "Procurement is leading sustainability into the upstream part of the value chain. No one else is doing it." Bertrand Conqueret. This upstream influence creates opportunities for cost optimization that might otherwise be missed. For example, when our team worked with a hotel chain's procurement team to switch engaging us to energy-efficient lighting and low-flow water fixtures, they cut utility bills by 22% across all properties. By selecting resource-efficient products and services, procurement reduces ongoing operational costs. 3. Building resilience against future risks With freshwater species facing extinction risks and extreme weather events becoming more common, businesses with climate-resilient supply chains will maintain operational continuity while competitors struggle. This resilience translates directly to financial stability and competitive advantage. For example: A global food manufacturer sources cocoa beans as a key ingredient for their chocolate products. Their procurement team implemented several strategic changes that both reduced climate impact and built resilience. Before engaging us:  The company sourced cocoa primarily from a single region in West Africa prone to increasing drought conditions. They prioritized lowest-cost suppliers without environmental criteria, resulting in beans largely from farms practicing deforestation and monocropping. After engaging us:  The procurement team implemented these changes: Diversified sourcing geography : Established relationships with farmers across multiple regions (West Africa, South America, Southeast Asia), reducing vulnerability to region-specific climate events. Implemented environmental criteria : Developed supplier scorecards that rewarded sustainable farming practices like shade-growing techniques and agroforestry, which maintain biodiversity and improve soil health. Price premium for sustainable practices : Offered 15% premium payments to farmers using water-efficient irrigation and avoiding deforestation, incentivizing climate-smart agriculture. Long-term contracts : Shifted from spot purchasing to 3-5 year commitments with sustainable suppliers, allowing farmers to invest in resilient infrastructure and practices. Technology investment : Procured satellite monitoring services to verify compliance with no-deforestation commitments and measure carbon sequestration. Results our client achieved. 40% reduction in supply chain carbon footprint Maintained 98% supply continuity during a major drought that disrupted competitors Reduced water usage in the supply chain by 35% Avoided $12M in lost revenue that competitors experienced during climate disruptions Built stronger farmer relationships that increased quality while reducing long-term price volatility 4. Enhancing brand value and market position As investors and consumers increasingly favor sustainable businesses, procurement-led sustainability initiatives directly improve market position. The World Economic Forum predicts the green transition will boost the global jobs market by 78 million roles by 2030—creating enormous opportunities for forward-thinking organizations. For example, when a popular snack company's procurement team secured sustainable palm oil certification for all ingredients, they avoided consumer boycotts affecting competitors and gained market share. Trianon helped procurement, by ensuring products meet evolving sustainability expectations, protecting brand reputation and customer loyalty. Overcoming implementation challenges Despite its potential, procurement faces several challenges in driving decarbonization: 1. Supply chain complexity Modern supply chains involve multiple tiers across global networks, making emissions tracking challenging. The complex nature of supply chains and the difficulty of tracing emissions requires sophisticated data collection and analysis capabilities that many organizations are still developing. 2. Cross-functional collaboration Sustainable procurement demands cooperation between departments that often operate in silos. "It's about understanding others' roles and integrating capabilities to succeed together." Lauren Richardson, CPO at Colgate-Palmolive. Breaking down these institutional barriers is essential for meaningful progress. 3. Standardization and measurement The lack of standardization and measurement frameworks for sustainable procurement practices creates consistency challenges. Without universal standards, organizations must develop internal frameworks to evaluate supplier performance against clear sustainability metrics. Four key strategies for procurement-led decarbonization Organizations serious about leveraging procurement for climate action should implement these proven approaches: Strategy 1: Building the business case for sustainability Sustainability requires a solid business case for practical execution. CPOs must demonstrate that green procurement drives financial performance by building resilient operations, optimizing supply chains, and improving resource efficiency. Industry leaders should emphasize the partnership between procurement and finance to balance sustainability goals with business objectives. By making informed trade-offs, sustainable products like recyclable wind turbine blades and cleaner insulation technologies become integral to the value proposition. Strategy 2: Elevating procurement to the C-Suite For procurement to lead on sustainability, it must become a corporate priority with executive support. At a mid-sized electronics manufacturer, the procurement team attempted to introduce sustainability criteria into supplier selection and materials sourcing. However, without executive backing, these initiatives were consistently overridden when they conflicted with short-term cost objectives. The procurement team remained limited to traditional metrics of cost, quality, and delivery time. Following a leadership change, the new CEO established sustainability as a core corporate value and took these practical steps: Elevated procurement leadership : Created a new Chief Procurement and Sustainability Officer position reporting directly to the CEO, with a seat in executive leadership meetings. Revised performance metrics : Modified executive bonuses to include sustainability KPIs alongside financial targets, with 25% of variable compensation tied to meeting carbon reduction goals. Resource allocation : Approved budget for three new sustainability specialists within the procurement team and technology to track supply chain emissions. Formal mandate : Issued a company-wide directive requiring all departments to prioritize sustainable procurement, even when it meant a modest cost premium. Public commitment : The CEO announced ambitious scope 3 emission reduction targets to shareholders and customers, creating accountability. Results: Procurement successfully implemented a supplier sustainability scorecard that became a required part of all RFPs Achieved 32% reduction in supply chain carbon emissions within two years Redesigned packaging with sustainable alternatives, eliminating 450 tons of plastic annually Developed new products with 85% recyclable components, opening access to markets with strict environmental regulations Attracted top talent who cited the company's authentic sustainability commitment in choosing to join The key insight: When executive leadership made sustainability a genuine priority backed by resources, authority, and accountability mechanisms, procurement was empowered to make decisions that balanced short-term financial considerations with long-term sustainability impact. Strategy 3: Expanding Procurement's influence Procurement must work beyond its traditional boundaries, collaborating with product design, marketing, and HR. This cross-functional approach ensures sustainability is built into products from conception and communicated effectively to stakeholders. To make sustainability mainstream, we must innovate and industrialize sustainable practices across the supply chain." Oliver Bischof, CPO of Siemens Gamesa. This requires procurement to share sustainability metrics with other departments and suppliers, breaking down silos and fostering collaboration. Strategy 4: Building a sustainability legacy CPOs have a responsibility to create lasting impact through systemic change. This legacy approach ensures that sustainability becomes embedded in organizational DNA rather than remaining a temporary initiative. Imagine a CPO (Chief Procurement Officer) as the leader of a newly established community garden in a neighborhood where most residents have never gardened before. Short-term vs. Systemic Approach: Short-term approach:  The garden leader could simply buy vegetables from the store each week and place them in the garden for people to take. This would provide immediate results (food for the community) but creates no lasting change and requires constant intervention. Systemic approach (what Reed and Udesen advocate):  Instead, the garden leader: Creates infrastructure:  Installs irrigation systems, builds raised beds, and creates composting stations that will serve the garden for years. Establishes processes:  Develops simple guidelines for planting seasons, water conservation, and natural pest control methods. Builds knowledge:  Trains community members on sustainable gardening practices and creates easy-to-follow reference materials. Cultivates culture:  Organizes regular community events that make gardening a social activity and celebrates sustainable practices. Implements measurement:  Sets up simple ways to track harvest yields, water usage, and community participation to guide improvements. The Lasting Impact: Years later, even after the original garden leader has moved on, the community garden continues to thrive because: The physical infrastructure remains in place Community members understand sustainable gardening practices New gardeners are naturally mentored by experienced ones Sustainable decision-making has become habitual The culture values long-term garden health over quick yields Just as this garden leader transformed not just the physical space but how the community thinks about and practices gardening, effective CPOs transform not just what their companies buy, but how procurement decisions are fundamentally made. The urgent need for action The climate crisis isn't waiting, and neither should businesses. With global emissions required to drop 43% from 2019 levels by 2030 to prevent increasingly dangerous floods, droughts, and other impacts, the window for effective action is narrowing. Meanwhile, the cost of inaction continues to mount. When the richest 1% burn through their annual carbon budget in just 10 days, and a quarter of freshwater species face extinction risk, the environmental imperative becomes impossible to ignore. For businesses, these environmental realities translate to material financial risks that demand immediate attention. The recent California wildfires serve as a stark reminder that climate events don't just harm the environment—they devastate balance sheets, disrupt operations, and threaten business continuity. Conclusion: Procurement as a catalyst for climate action As we face the mounting costs of climate change, procurement emerges as a powerful lever for meaningful action. By influencing supplier selection, product specifications, transportation methods, and packaging requirements, procurement departments can drive substantial emissions reductions while creating business value. The transformation of procurement from a cost-focused function to a sustainability driver represents one of the most significant opportunities for businesses to address climate change. CPOs who embrace this expanded role won't just reduce their organization's carbon footprint—they'll build more resilient, efficient, and profitable businesses better equipped to thrive in an increasingly carbon-constrained economy. The cost of climate inaction is already too high and rising rapidly. Through strategic procurement transformation, businesses can mitigate these costs while positioning themselves for success in a decarbonized future. The question isn't whether your organization can afford to transform procurement for sustainability—it's whether you can afford not to. [1] https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/accuweather-estimates-more-than-250-billion-in-damages-and-economic-loss-from-la-wildfires/1733821 [2] https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2000-dead-288bn-lost-to-top-10-climate-disasters-in-24-report/articleshow/116779646.cms [3] https://www.bcg.com/press/25june2024-corporates-supply-chain-scope-3-emissions-higher-than-operational-emissions [4] https://blog.convergentis.com/role-of-procurement-in-decarbonization

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, is like a global team of climate experts who work together to understand and explain climate change. Think of it as a worldwide scientific council that helps governments make informed decisions about climate issues. Since it started in 1988, the IPCC has been working to include more diverse voices in its reports, though there's still room for improvement. Over the years, the IPCC has made significant progress in bringing more women and researchers from developing countries (often called the Global South) into its team of authors.[1] IPCC logo Key findings In their most recent major report, about one-third of the authors were women, and 43% came from developing countries. This is a big step forward, but it still means that men and researchers from wealthy nations remain the majority. To put this in perspective, imagine a large international conference room where climate scientists are discussing how rising temperatures affect different parts of the world. While you'll see more women and experts from places like India, Brazil, or Kenya than you would have thirty years ago, the room is still dominated by researchers from places like the United States and the United Kingdom. In fact, these two countries continue to provide the most authors for IPCC reports. Knowing that there are the least impacted by the climate change consequences, this is a problem. The limited representation in IPCC reports from certain regions is a problem For example, when discussing how climate change affects agriculture, a farmer in sub-Saharan Africa faces very different challenges than a farmer in Europe. Without strong African representation in the IPCC (South Africa is currently the highest-ranked African country, at number 18 in terms of author numbers), important perspectives on dealing with drought, changing rainfall patterns, and their impact on local communities might not receive enough attention. Consider another example. In many parts of Asia and Africa, women are often responsible for collecting water for their families. When climate change leads to water scarcity, these women are directly affected. Having female authors from these regions participating in IPCC reports means these specific challenges are more likely to be recognized and addressed in climate policy recommendations. Scientists fighting climate change (Copyright Image suppled by IoP) The lack of diverse voices can affect how we approach solutions too. A researcher from the Amazon region might have different insights about forest conservation than someone who has never worked in a rainforest. Similarly, a scientist from a small island nation would bring crucial understanding about rising sea levels and their impact on coastal communities. The underrepresentation of women and people from the Global South creates significant challenges that go beyond simple numbers. When we lack diverse voices in climate science, we risk missing crucial perspectives and experiences. For instance, a researcher from Mumbai might understand firsthand how urban flooding affects densely populated cities in monsoon regions, while a scientist from the Sahel region would bring invaluable insights about desertification and its impact on local communities. Unintended biases This lack of representation can create unintended biases in how we understand and prioritize climate issues. Consider how different communities experience climate change: while a coastal city in a wealthy country might focus on building expensive sea walls or expansive floating self sufficient cities like oceanix [2]. While a similar city in a developing nation might need to explore more affordable, nature-based solutions. Without authors from these regions, such alternative approaches might never make it into the reports. The Oceanix City_ https://www.designboom.com Fairness and equity The issue of fairness and equity is particularly pressing since climate change often hits vulnerable populations the hardest. The principle of "nothing about us without us" becomes especially relevant here. How can we make decisions about climate adaptation in the Pacific Islands without substantial input from Pacific Islander scientists? Or develop policies about Arctic climate change without indigenous researchers from the region? Trust and credibility in climate science Trust and credibility in climate science also depend heavily on representation. When communities see their own experts and experiences reflected in IPCC reports, they're more likely to engage with and implement the recommended solutions. For example, when local scientists participate in IPCC work, they often become bridges between global climate science and their local communities, making the findings more accessible and relevant to local contexts. Capacity building The participation of authors from the Global South has another important benefit: it helps build scientific capacity in these regions. When a researcher from a developing country contributes to an IPCC report, they gain valuable experience and connections that can enhance climate research in their home institution. This creates a positive cycle where more local experts can contribute to both global and regional climate science. Gender diversity in authorship is equally crucial Women often experience climate change impacts differently than men. For instance, in many agricultural communities, women are primarily responsible for food production and water collection, activities directly affected by climate change. Female scientists can bring these perspectives to the forefront, ensuring that gender-specific challenges and solutions are properly addressed in climate policies. Women play an important role in India’s agricultural development, both as farmers and agricultural labourers, but are often not taken into account as far as decision making goes. By employing women at the Village Knowledge Centres, they are included in agricultural matters they otherwise may not have been a part of. Photo: Ragnar Våga Pedersen.[3] When we achieve better representation in IPCC authorship, we create a stronger sense of global ownership in addressing climate change. It's no longer seen as just a Western scientific endeavor but truly becomes a global collaboration. This broader ownership leads to more effective implementation of climate solutions across different regions and cultures. Looking ahead. The IPCC continues to work on becoming more inclusive. This isn't just about fairness – it's about making sure their reports capture the full picture of climate change and its solutions. After all, climate change affects everyone on Earth, so it makes sense that the team studying it should represent people from all parts of the world. The story of the IPCC's changing diversity is like watching a garden grow. While it started with just a few types of plants, it's slowly becoming more varied and richer. There's still more work to be done in cultivating this diversity, but each new assessment report shows progress toward a more inclusive and representative group of climate experts. This evolution is essential not just for the IPCC's credibility, but for developing effective, equitable solutions to one of humanity's greatest challenges. Cover IPCC assessment report 2023 [1] https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-the-diversity-of-ipcc-authors-has-changed-over-three-decades/ [2] https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/case-studies/a5317-oceanix-city-by-bjarke-ingles-the-floating-city/ [3] https://www.nibio.no/nyheter/climate-smart-agriculture-to-ensure-a-food-secure-future

As we step into 2025, the landscape of sustainability is set to evolve dramatically, reflecting the urgent need for innovative solutions to our planet's challenges. Throughout the past year, we have diligently explored groundbreaking advancements and strategies that prioritize environmental and social sustainability. Here are the key insights and trends that have captured our attention for 2025. Textile waste : new regulation and their impact on social entreprises. Model in a Waste recycling plant. Viktor Drachev/TASS Starting January 1, 2025, a new European directive will require the selective collection of textiles, meaning you can no longer toss old clothes, rags, or linens into regular trash bags (white bags in Belgium). In Belgium, we already have a strong textile collection system with over 8,500 drop-off points run by organizations like Oxfam and Les Petits Riens. However, this new rule is causing concern among these social enterprises. Their goal is to gather high-quality clothing for resale in second-hand shops, which helps fund their social projects. Unfortunately, the rise of fast fashion has led to a flood of low-quality items that are difficult to recycle or reuse. Right now, about 20% of what’s collected ends up incinerated at a hefty cost of €300 per ton . If this continues, it could seriously threaten the financial health of these organizations that are already struggling to cope with the sheer volume of discarded textiles. Find out more Ban on disposable E-cigarettes to protect youth and the environment. e-cigarette From 1 January, it will be forbidden to sell single-use vapes in Belgium. Belgium is leading the way with its ban on disposable e-cigarettes, a significant step forward in addressing youth vaping. This measure is crucial, as these colorful, flavored devices have become incredibly popular among young people. The problem is that these products are marketed as disposable, but they actually contain toxic and flammable components that must be returned for recycling . Moreover, young users often consume them without realizing the risks, leading to increased frequency and quantity of nicotine intake. Find out more   New regulation on packaging waste. So called "sustainable packaging" Attention, entrepreneurs! Starting in 2025, new EU regulations will significantly impact how you manage packaging. With ambitious targets to  reduce packaging waste—5% by 2030 and 10% by 2035 —you'll need to rethink your strategies to minimize materials and comply with these standards. Certain single-use plastics will be banned by 2030, creating an opportunity for you to innovate with sustainable alternatives that attract eco-conscious consumers. Additionally, all packaging must be recyclable, and you'll need to incorporate recycled content into your products. By embracing these changes, you can position your business as a leader in sustainability while meeting the growing demand for environmentally friendly practices. Now is the time to adapt and thrive! Find out more New simplified framework for sustainability reporting Collection of data for repoorting In February 2025, the EU is set to unveil a new Simplification Package that will streamline sustainability reporting regulations, including the EU Taxonomy, Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), and Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). This initiative aims to reduce the regulatory burden on businesses while ensuring that sustainability remains a priority. This simplification could help alleviate some of the complexities and costs associated with compliance. However, it’s crucial to stay vigilant, as there are concerns that easing these regulations might dilute essential climate action goals. Embrace this opportunity to enhance your sustainability practices. You should focus your resources on implementing environmental and social sustainable practices rather than allocating excessive funds to reporting. Find out more DEI will remain a core competency to drive innovation & sustainability in business. Meeting room In 2025, while DEI faces significant pushback with major companies like Walmart and Boeing rolling back their initiatives, data continues to demonstrate its crucial business value. Companies that prioritize inherent and acquired DEI are unlocking significant financial benefits. Research shows that organizations with higher diversity levels generate 45% of their revenue  from innovative initiatives, compared to just 26%  for those with below-average diversity. This innovation is vital for achieving sustainability goals, as diverse teams are better equipped to develop creative solutions for reducing CO2 emissions.  In fact, the National Grid reports that 62% of respondents believe DEI can help overcome innovation challenges  essential for reaching net-zero targets. To navigate this complex landscape, companies will increasingly focus on quantifiable metrics to demonstrate DEI's impact, leveraging AI tools for unbiased assessments, and fostering practitioner collaborations. Companies maintaining strong DEI practices will see enhanced environmental and social impact and revenue growth through innovative solutions for reaching net-zero targets.   Find out more Our commitment to sustainable transformation will be even stronger in 2025. As we enter 2025, we reaffirm our commitment to help our clients achieve meaningful sustainability. Our conviction is clear: "Your problem may not be sustainability itself, but the solution is." For over 20 years, our experts have been pioneers in transforming polluting industries by integrating sustainability & Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into the core of business strategies. Our unique approach focuses on "making sustainability profitable." We empower decision-makers, enhance operational efficiency, and foster environmental and social innovations that not only accelerate CO2 emissions reductions but also stimulate profit growth. At Trianon, we go beyond mere decarbonization; we advocate for inherent and acquired diversity among leaders to ensure an effective and inclusive ecological transition. With our expertise and commitment to inclusion, we enable companies to reconcile sustainability with profitability. Our services include consulting services, audit, executive training, and public speaking, scientific & social innovation services for a successful sustainable business growth. Together, we can navigate the complexities of sustainable development and create a brighter, more sustainable future for your business and the planet. Let's embark on this journey together!

Alma Levant Hayden was a trailblazing chemist who left an indelible mark on drug safety and public health in the United States. Her story exemplifies the power of intersectionality in science and its crucial role in driving innovation and sustainability. Alma Hayden, 1952 (Photo Credit: Office of NIH History) A childhood of curiosity and determination Born in 1927, growing up in the segregated South, Hayden refused to let barriers stop her scientific curiosity. Despite facing significant obstacles as a young African American girl, she was driven by an intense passion for understanding the world around her. Her determination to learn and explore would become the cornerstone of her future scientific achievements. Embracing science as a career Hayden's journey into science began at South Carolina State College, where she graduated with honors in 1947. She initially wanted to become a nurse but discovered a passion for chemistry that she "just didn't want to part from". [1] This passion led her to pursue a master's degree in chemistry at Howard University, where she studied under renowned chemist Dr Lloyd Noel Ferguson, one of the founders of the professional organization for the professional advancement of black chemists and chemical engineer. Dr Lloyd Noel Ferguson Despite facing significant barriers as both a woman and an African American in the scientific community, Hayden persevered. Her determination and intellect allowed her to overcome the prejudices of the time, which often saw women and minorities excluded from scientific careers. She studied at the University of Howard, in Washington D.C., one of the most distinguished Universities of the USA, not sectarian but open to all sexes and races,[2] and obtained her master’s in chemistry. She specialised in infrared spectroscopy.[3] Infrared light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The human eye cannot see it, but humans can detect it as heat. Electromagnetic spectrum Infrared Spectroscopy is the analysis of infrared light interacting with a molecule. What is infrared spectroscopy? Imagine infrared spectroscopy as a detective tool that helps scientists "read" the identity and structure of molecules. Think of it like a molecular fingerprint scanner. Here's how it works: Every molecule is made up of atoms that are constantly vibrating and moving, kind of like tiny springs connected to each other. When infrared light (which is heat energy we can't see) passes through a sample, these molecular "springs" absorb specific amounts of that light based on their unique structure. It's similar to how each musical instrument has a unique sound, even when playing the same note. Just as you can identify a trumpet or a violin by its distinctive timbre, scientists can identify molecules by the specific way they absorb infrared light. Practical applications are everywhere: Chemists use it to identify unknown substances Forensic scientists analyze crime evidence Environmental researchers detect pollutants Pharmaceutical companies check drug purity Food scientists examine the composition of ingredients For example, if you wanted to know exactly what's in a mysterious powder or liquid, infrared spectroscopy could help you break down its molecular components without destroying the sample. It's like having a super-powerful microscope that can see the invisible "dance" of molecules, revealing their secrets through the way they interact with light. Alma Levant Hayden: an accoumplished scientist In the mid-1950s, Hayden joined the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services responsible for safeguarding public health through the regulation of food, drugs, and medical devices. Her appointment was a significant achievement, particularly given the FDA's reluctance to hire African American scientists at the time. This hesitancy came from concerns that their testimony in court cases might be disregarded or prejudice proceedings due to racial bias, especially in certain parts of the country. Despite these institutional barriers, Hayden's expertise and qualifications secured her position, marking a pivotal moment in the agency's history.[4] More, Hayden became Chief of the Spectrophotometer Research Branch in the Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry in 1963.[5] She worked with her colleagues on chromatographic techniques to characterise adrenocortical steroids in urine.[6] The main role of adrenal steroids is to regulate electrolyte and water levels in the kidneys. She also worked on characterising barbiturates and sulfonamides from paper chromatograms. Barbiturates are sedative drug used to relax the body and help people sleep, they were popular at the XIXth century at sleeping pills or recreative drugs. Sulfamides are an antibacterial agents. She has published 17 articles in renowned journals. Changing the World: The Krebiozen investigation Before talking about the Krebozien investifation, you should know about the thalidomide scandal and the Kefauver-Harris Amendment. The thalidomide scandal and the Kefauver-Harris Amendment In the late 1950s, thalidomide, a non-barbiturate sedative was advertised as safe for everyone, including pregnant women. Future mothers used to take the pill to prevent morning sickness. It was an over-the-counter drug sold in 46 countries, in the early sixties, as popular as aspirin.[7] Thalidomid tablets This medication caused thousands of mothers to give birth to disabled babies. Miscarriages happened, limbs failed to develop properly, in some cases also eyes, ears and internal organs. The effect of thalidomide by Reddit No-one knows how many miscarriages the drug caused or how many worldwide victims of the drug there have been, but it's estimated that, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, a range from 10,000 to 20,000 children in 46 countries were born with deformities.[8] This tragedy led to a revolution at the FDA regulatory authority: the requirement that all new drug applications should make a proof of efficiency for the targeted market application and should prove their safety for the consumer. This change called the Kefauver-Harris Amendment is the start of the FDA approval in its modern form and is the reason why bringing new drugs to the market is such a long and difficult process. [9] We will talk about the women who saved America from a generation of "thalidomide babies" in a future article. The Krebiozen investigation 1951 newspaper Quack Medicine KREBIOZEN is presented as "The miracle cancer cure drug" Following this tragedy, in 1963, Alma Hayden, then  Chief of the Spectrophotometer Research Branch in the Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, had to deal with major medical controversy. In 1940s, Dr Andrew Invy and Dr Stephan Durovic claimed that to have discovered a new drug derived from distilled blood serum of horses, called Krebiozen, able to cure cancer. In 1963, Hayden and her colleagues were assigned the task to determine what the drug was and whether it had any therapeutic benefits in treating the disease. Using infrared spectroscopy, and comparing images of over 20,000 known substances, Alma Hayden and her team analyzed Krebiozen and discovered that it was nothing more than creatine, a common amino acid derivative already found in the human body. [10] Spectrographic tracings of creatine and Krebiozen sample (FDA History Office) This revelation exposed the fraudulent claims surrounding the drug and protected countless cancer patients from exploitation. The history of the phony cancer drug Krebiozen by Sharita Forrest, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign “By the fall of 1963, FDA had reached its scientific conclusions. The Krebiozen powder, the agency announced, had been identified by several chemical tests as creatine . The contents of Krebiozen ampules were identified as mineral oil, with minute amounts of two other substances, amyl alcohol and 1-methylhydantoin, found in ampules shipped in 1963. FDA’s chemical analysis was soon supported by the findings of the National Cancer Institute that Krebiozen ‘does not possess any anticancer activity in man.'” [11] Ivy and Durovic were brought to trial in 1964.[10] 1965 Press Photo Dr. Steven Durovic, Marko, Andrew Ivy, in U.S. District Court. Despite her irrefutable evidence, Hayden encountered resistance from Krebiozen's passionate supporters and manufacturers. The drug's defenders claimed there was a conspiracy to keep it off the market, and newspapers demanded "Real Hope To Cure Cancer". Kennedy pushed for Krebiozen When the case went to trial in 1965, Hayden was one of 179 witnesses who testified, presenting her findings amidst a highly controversial and emotionally charged atmosphere. he defense exploited the jury's lack of scientific expertise, sowing doubt about the precision of her methods. Ultimately, despite Hayden's clear evidence and testimony, the jury shockingly acquitted the defendants, demonstrating the uphill battle she faced in convincing the public of the truth behind this medical scam. Recognition and legacy While Hayden's groundbreaking work did not receive widespread recognition during her lifetime, her contributions to regulatory science and public health protection were significant. She testified at the criminal trial of Krebiozen's promoters, demonstrating the crucial role of scientific evidence in law enforcement. Today, Hayden is remembered as a pioneer who paved the way for future generations of women and minorities in science. Alma Levant Hayden died at 40 years old of liver cancer. Alma Levant Hayden (1927 - 1967) Intersectionality: the key to innovation Hayden's success can be attributed, in part, to her unique intersectional perspective. As an African American woman in a field dominated by white men, she brought a multifaceted approach to her work. Her experiences likely heightened her awareness of the importance of rigorous scientific standards and ethical considerations in protecting public health. This intersectionality allowed Hayden to challenge conventional thinking and apply a more holistic approach to drug safety. Her background as a member of marginalized communities may have contributed to her dedication to exposing fraudulent treatments that often preyed on vulnerable populations. Parallels with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Hayden's story offers valuable lessons for modern Corporate Social Responsibility practices: Ethical decision-making : Her commitment to exposing the truth about Krebiozen, despite potential backlash, exemplifies the ethical backbone necessary in CSR. Scientific rigor : Hayden's insistence on thorough testing mirrors the need for companies to base decisions on solid evidence and research. Protection of vulnerable populations : Her work in exposing fraudulent cancer treatments aligns with CSR's focus on protecting consumers and ensuring product safety. Diverse perspectives : Hayden's unique background contributed to her innovative approach, highlighting the value of diversity and inclusion in corporate decision-making. Conclusion Alma Levant Hayden's life and work underscore the critical role of intersectionality in scientific innovation and its parallel importance in corporate social responsibility. Her legacy continues to inspire scientists and business leaders to embrace diverse perspectives, maintain ethical standards, and prioritize public health and safety in their pursuits of progress and sustainability. This article is part of a series "Embracing intersectionality in science: the key to innovation and sustainability". [1] https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-history-exhibits/alma-levant-haydens-contributions-regulatory-science [2] Celebrating Black History Month with Dr. Percy Lavon Julian,a pioneer in the chemistry of plant   [3] https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt? [4] https://aaregistry.org/story/alma-levant-hayden-chemist-born/ [5] https://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i14/Black-Women-Chemistry-Pioneers.html   [6] https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/23/4/acta_23_4_001.xml   [7] https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=41632795 [8] https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/health/thalidomide-survivors-usa.html   [9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kefauver_Harris_Amendment   [10] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/alma-levant-hayden-first-black-woman-in-the-fda [11]   https://science.sciencemag.org/content/151/3714/1061

In the realm of aerospace engineering, few stories resonate as powerfully as that of Mary Jackson, whose journey is emblematic of the struggle for equality and representation in science. The 2016 film Hidden Figures brought her remarkable story to a global audience, highlighting not only her groundbreaking achievements but also those of her fellow African American women mathematicians at NASA. Mary Jackson played a pivotal role in the success of the United States space program during a time when racial and gender biases were deeply intertwined in American society.[1] Early life and education Born in Hampton, Virginia, in 1921, Mary Jackson showed an early aptitude for mathematics and science. Jackson's early life was marked by academic excellence. She attended Hampton's all-Black schools, including the George P. Phenix Training School, where she graduated with high honors in 1937. This achievement, despite the challenges of racial segregation, demonstrates her exceptional abilities and determination from a young age.[2] After high school, Jackson went on to attend Hampton Institute (now Hampton University), a historically black college. She graduated with high honors in 1942, earning dual bachelor's degrees in mathematics and physical science. Obtaining a dual degree was a significant accomplishment, especially for a black woman in the segregated United States of the 1940s. It's important to note that while racial segregation presented significant barriers, historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) like Hampton Institute played a crucial role in providing higher education opportunities for African Americans during this period. These institutions allowed talented students like Jackson to pursue advanced studies in fields that might have been otherwise inaccessible due to racial discrimination. Mary Jackson's early career Mary Jackson's career path before joining NASA reflects the complex challenges faced by African American women in the 1940s and early 1950s. Despite her impressive educational background, with dual bachelor's degrees in mathematics and physical science, Jackson navigated a series of diverse positions shaped by the societal norms and limitations of her time: Jackson began her professional journey as a mathematics teacher at an African American school in Calvert County, Maryland, for a year after graduation. Returning to Hampton in 1943, she took on a role as a bookkeeper at the National Catholic Community Center. Her career then led her to a position as a receptionist and clerk at Hampton Institute's Health Department. Following societal expectations for women of that era, Jackson took time away from her career to focus on family responsibilities after the birth of her son. She later worked as an Army secretary at Fort Monroe. In 1951, just before joining NASA, Jackson held a clerk position at the Office of the Chief Army Field Forces at Fort Monroe.[3] This varied career trajectory illustrates the limited opportunities available to African American women in STEM fields during this period. Jackson's experiences were shaped by racial and gender discrimination, economic necessities, and societal expectations regarding women's roles. Despite these challenges, she consistently sought positions that would allow her to utilize her strong background in mathematics and physical science, demonstrating her determination to pursue a career aligned with her education and skills. Mary Jackson' contributions to aerospace engineering Finally, in 1951, Jackson was recruited by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which later became NASA. This marked a pivotal moment in her professional journey, as she began her career as a research mathematician in the West Area Computing Section at Langley Research Center, where she could finally apply her scientific knowledge and skills in a meaningful way. Mary Jackson's career at NASA represents a remarkable journey of perseverance, innovation, and advocacy in the field of aerospace engineering. As the first African American female engineer at NASA, Jackson broke through significant barriers in a male-dominated and racially segregated environment, making substantial contributions that advanced the field of aerodynamics and aircraft design. The Supersonic Pressure Tunnel One of her most notable achievements was her groundbreaking research in the Supersonic Pressure Tunnel, where she studied the effects of airflow on aircraft traveling at nearly twice the speed of sound. This facility was crucial for understanding how aircraft behave under extreme conditions, and Jackson's work focused specifically on the complex dynamics of boundary layer effects on aerospace vehicle configurations at supersonic speeds. By analyzing data from wind tunnel experiments and real-world flight tests, she gained insights into air flow, thrust, and drag forces that were essential for improving the performance of U.S. aircraft. To explain this in simpler terms: Imagine a paper airplane flying through the air. The way the air moves around the nose (front) of the plane affects how well it flies. Mary Jackson studied how the shape of the nose and the speed of the plane change the way air flows over it when the plane is flying incredibly fast - faster than the speed of sound. She found that by adjusting the angle of the nose and the speed of the aircraft, engineers could control where the smooth air flow around the plane becomes turbulent. This discovery was crucial because it helped designers create better, more efficient supersonic aircraft by reducing drag and improving overall performance This research was published in her first co-authored report in 1958, titled "Effects of nose angle and mach number on transition on cones at supersonic speeds".[4] Her work contributed to the development of faster, more aerodynamic planes, which was vital for both military and civilian aviation advancements during the space race era. Throughout her career, Jackson authored or co-authored twelve technical papers for NACA (the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) and NASA, contributing valuable knowledge to the aerospace community. Advocating for women and minorities in the aerospace Mary Jackson's legacy extends far beyond her groundbreaking technical achievements in aerospace engineering. Throughout her career and especially in her later years, she became a powerful advocate for diversity and inclusion in STEM fields, working tirelessly to create opportunities for women and minorities in science and engineering. After 34 years of distinguished service at NASA, Jackson made a bold and selfless decision. Despite having reached the highest engineering title available to her, she recognized that to effect real change, she needed to shift her focus. In a move that exemplified her commitment to others, she accepted a demotion to become the manager of both the Federal Women's Program and the Affirmative Action Program within NASA's Office of Equal Opportunity Programs.[5] In these roles, Jackson's impact was profound and multifaceted. She mentored countless young students, particularly women and minorities, providing personalized guidance and unwavering support. Her famous quote, We have to do the best we can with what we have, became a rallying cry for those facing obstacles in their STEM careers. Jackson worked diligently to improve hiring and promotion practices at NASA, challenging discriminatory policies and advocating for systemic changes. She was instrumental in establishing programs that provided resources and opportunities for underrepresented groups in STEM, laying the groundwork for initiatives like STEM Goes Red, [6] which continues to inspire middle school girls to pursue science and technology careers. As a public speaker and role model, Jackson used her platform to raise awareness about the importance of diversity in STEM fields. Her own career served as a powerful example, demonstrating that women and people of color could not only succeed in engineering but make significant contributions to scientific advancements. Jackson's advocacy work has had a lasting impact on the scientific community. Her efforts have inspired numerous programs and initiatives that continue to support diversity in STEM fields today. By working to ensure that future generations would have better opportunities than she faced, Mary Jackson played a crucial role in shaping a more inclusive and diverse scientific landscape. Through her technical brilliance, unwavering determination, and commitment to others, Mary Jackson not only broke barriers for herself but dedicated her life to dismantling them for those who would follow. Her legacy continues to inspire and guide efforts to create a more equitable and diverse STEM community. Intersectionality in science: Mary Jackson's impact Mary Jackson's life and career powerfully illustrate the importance of embracing intersectionality in science. As an African American woman in aerospace engineering during the mid-20th century, Jackson navigated multiple intersecting layers of discrimination and barriers. However, her unique perspective and experiences allowed her to: Bring diverse viewpoints to problem-solving in aerospace engineering Inspire and mentor other underrepresented individuals in STEM Challenge and change institutional practices that hindered diversity and inclusion Awards and recognition Mary Jackson's contributions to science and society have received significant recognition, particularly in recent years: The book and film "Hidden Figures" brought Jackson's remarkable story to a global audience, highlighting her groundbreaking work as NASA's first Black female engineer. Portrayed by Janelle Monáe in the 2016 film adaptation, Jackson's character embodies resilience and determination, inspiring a new generation to challenge societal norms in STEM fields. In a momentous tribute to her legacy, NASA renamed its headquarters in Washington, D.C., the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters in 2019. This honor acknowledges her pivotal role in advancing both aerospace technology and equality within the organization. Jackson was also posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 2019, one of the highest civilian honors in the United States. This prestigious recognition further cements her place in history as a trailblazer who overcame significant barriers to make lasting contributions to science and society. These accolades serve to preserve Mary Jackson's legacy, ensuring that her pioneering spirit and dedication to advancing both scientific knowledge and social progress continue to inspire future generations of scientists and engineers. Conclusion Mary Jackson's legacy serves as a powerful reminder of the untapped potential that exists when we embrace diversity and intersectionality in science. Her story inspires us to continue breaking down barriers and creating inclusive environments where all individuals, regardless of their background, can contribute to scientific advancement and sustainable innovation. This article is part of a series "Embracing intersectionality in science: the key to innovation and sustainability". [1]   https://arvellcraig.com/personal-growth-leadership-lessons-from-hidden-figures/ [2] https://www.biography.com/scientists/mary-winston-jackson [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(engineer) [4] https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930085290 [5] https://www.nasa.gov/history/mary-w-jackson/ [6] https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/get-involved/attend/stem-goes-red

In the early 1980s, as a mysterious disease began killing people across the United States, a brilliant Chinese American scientist was about to make history. Dr Flossie Wong-Staal would become the first person to clone HIV, the virus causing AIDS, a breakthrough that would save countless lives. Her journey from a young girl in Hong Kong to a pioneering virologist in America is a testament to the power of diversity in scientific innovation. A childhood of questions and curiosity Born as Yee Ching Wong in 1946 Hong Kong, Flossie Wong-Staal grew up in a time when girls were rarely encouraged to pursue higher education. However, her parents broke with tradition. They enrolled her in an English-language Catholic school, where she excelled in science and mathematics. Her teachers noted her constant curiosity – she wasn't satisfied with just learning facts but wanted to understand the "why" behind everything. When asked years later about her childhood, Dr Wong-Staal would often recall how she was fascinated by disease outbreaks in her community. I wanted to know why some people got sick while others didn't she said. This early curiosity about disease transmission would later prove pivotal in her groundbreaking HIV research.[1] Breaking cultural and gender barriers At age 18, Flossie Wong-Staal made a bold decision to pursue her education in the United States. Imagine leaving everything familiar behind to study in a foreign country where you barely speak the language. This was her reality when she arrived at the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1965. During her university years, she adopted the name "Flossie," suggested by her English teacher in Hong Kong. This name would later appear on groundbreaking research papers that would change our understanding of HIV/AIDS. She earned her PhD in molecular biology, in 1972, from UCLA, at a time when fewer than 4% of doctoral degrees in sciences were awarded to non white women.[2] The hunt for a killer virus In 1973, Wong-Staal began a postdoctoral position at the Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, led by biomedical researcher Robert C. Gallo, in the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. She was promoted to section chief within a few years, and in the next decade she co-authored more than 100 journal articles. When the AIDS epidemic emerged in the early 1980s, their lab shifted focus to understanding this new disease. To understand the magnitude of the challenge they faced, imagine trying to find a tiny needle in a haystack – except the needle is constantly changing shape, and the haystack is microscopic. Think of HIV like a master of disguise. It can change its appearance rapidly, making it incredibly difficult to study or treat. This is where Dr Wong-Staal's breakthrough came in. In 1985, she became the first scientist to clone HIV, essentially creating a "snapshot" of the virus that could be studied in detail. Why Her Research Was Revolutionary To understand the importance of cloning HIV, let's use an analogy. Imagine trying to stop a thief who can instantly change their appearance. It would be nearly impossible to catch them or prevent future robberies. But what if you could create an exact copy of the thief at a specific moment? You could study their methods, understand their weaknesses, and develop strategies to stop them. This is essentially what Dr Wong-Staal achieved. By cloning HIV, she: 1. Helped prove that HIV causes AIDS (which was still debated at the time) 2. Made it possible to test blood for HIV, preventing transmission through blood transfusions 3. Enabled the development of HIV tests and anti-retroviral drugs that have saved millions of lives.[3] The power of diverse perspectives   A revolutionary approach to science What set Wong-Staal apart wasn't just her technical brilliance – it was her distinctive approach to scientific research, shaped by her multicultural experience and position as an outsider in Western academia. Bridging eastern and western approaches Wong-Staal's colleagues often noted how she brought a unique holistic perspective to HIV research, influenced by her Chinese background. While Western medicine traditionally focused on isolating specific components, Chinese medicine emphasized understanding systems as interconnected wholes. Wong-Staal combined both approaches:   When others were solely focused on the virus itself, she insisted on studying how HIV interacted with the entire immune system. She pioneered the study of HIV regulatory genes at a time when most researchers were only looking at the virus's structural genes. Her research consistently considered how viral proteins interacted with each other, rather than studying them in isolation. Breaking traditional hierarchies  As someone who had to navigate multiple cultural hierarchies, Wong-Staal developed an unusual approach to laboratory collaboration: Unlike the rigid hierarchical structure common in 1980s research labs, she encouraged technicians and junior researchers to contribute ideas freely. She established cross-disciplinary collaborations, bringing together virologists, immunologists, and molecular biologists at a time when such cooperation was rare. Her lab became known for its "flat" structure where expertise was valued over seniority. Communication across boundaries  Her experience as a non-native English speaker made her particularly aware of the importance of clear communication in science: She developed innovative ways to visualize complex viral mechanisms, making her findings more accessible to researchers from different backgrounds. Her papers were known for their clarity and precision, avoiding the overly complex jargon common in scientific literature of the time. She regularly collaborated with clinicians, ensuring her laboratory findings could be translated into practical treatments – a practice less common among basic researchers of that era. A patient-centered perspective As someone who had experienced being an outsider, Wong-Staal brought a unique sensitivity to the human impact of AIDS:   While many researchers viewed AIDS primarily as a scientific puzzle, she insisted on keeping patient needs at the forefront of research priorities. She was among the first researchers to advocate for studying how HIV affected different populations differently, recognizing that the virus might behave differently in various genetic and environmental contexts. Her work on HIV genetic variation was partly inspired by her understanding that different communities might require different treatment approaches. Challenging Scientific Orthodoxy  Her position as an outsider in multiple ways (woman, Asian scientist, immigrant) gave her the courage to challenge prevailing scientific wisdom: When the scientific consensus focused on finding a single "magic bullet" cure, she argued for a multi-targeted approach to HIV treatment. She pursued the study of HIV genetic diversity when many thought it was too complex to be relevant. Her work on HIV regulatory genes was initially dismissed by mainstream researchers but proved crucial to understanding how the virus evades the immune system. Innovation thanks to her intersectionality Dr Wong-Staal's success demonstrates how intersectionality in science isn't just about representation, it's about bringing together different ways of thinking, seeing, and solving problems. Her background gave her: The ability to see connections others missed The courage to challenge established methods The skills to bridge different scientific approaches The perspective to keep human impact at the center of research. From research to entrepreneurship In 1990, Wong-Staal left the NIH to accept an appointment as the Florence Seeley Riford Chair in AIDS Research at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). She was named director of the newly created UCSD Center for AIDS Research in 1994 and began pioneering the investigation of gene therapy approaches for HIV/AIDS. After her retirement from UCSD in 2002, she became vice president of Immusol, a biopharmaceutical company she cofounded, now known as iTherX Pharmaceuticals, where she pursued treatments for hepatitis C. Throughout her career, Dr Wong-Staal trained a large number of postdoctoral fellows, many of whom went on to be leaders in their fields. She died in 2020, at the age of 73 years old.  . Dr Flossie Wong-Staal's legacy Dr Wong-Staal made important discoveries about other viruses too. She did groundbreaking research on HTLV-1, a virus that causes a type of blood cancer called leukemia. She also studied special proteins that viruses use to multiply inside human cells. These proteins work like switches that turn viral genes on and off, and help viruses make copies of themselves. Her discoveries about how these viral proteins work didn't just help us understand viruses better, they also gave scientists new insights into how cells function in general, particularly how cells read their genetic instructions and move important molecules around. Think of it like uncovering the instruction manual that viruses use to hijack human cells, which in turn taught us more about how healthy cells operate normally.[4] A blueprint for sustainable science Wong-Staal's approach to HIV research offers crucial lessons for today's sustainability challenges. Her methods demonstrate how intersectional perspectives can lead to more sustainable and equitable scientific solutions. Social sustainability through inclusive research Dr Wong-Staal's work exemplifies how inclusive science leads to more effective solutions: Her HIV genetic variation studies revealed how the virus affects different populations differently, much like how climate change disproportionately impacts various communities. By considering diverse population needs, she helped develop treatments that could be adapted for different contexts and resources levels. Her emphasis on clear communication and accessibility helped bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and community action, a crucial factor in today's sustainability challenges. Environmental lessons from viral research Her approach to understanding HIV as a complex, adaptive system parallels modern environmental challenges: Just as HIV rapidly mutates to evade treatment, climate change creates constantly evolving challenges that require adaptive solutions. Her work on viral resistance helped develop the concept of combination therapy, similar to how environmental problems require multi-faceted approaches. The way she studied HIV's interaction with entire biological systems mirrors how we must understand ecosystem interconnections to address environmental challenges. Economic Sustainability in Scientific Innovation Wong-Staal's career demonstrates how to make scientific innovation economically sustainable: Her company, Immusol, showed how academic discoveries could be transformed into accessible treatments while remaining financially viable. She pioneered cost-effective research methods that maximized resource use, an approach crucial for sustainable scientific development. Her emphasis on preventive measures and early intervention in HIV treatment offers lessons for sustainable healthcare systems. Building Sustainable Scientific Communities Her laboratory practices created a model for sustainable scientific collaboration: The flat hierarchy she established promoted knowledge sharing and reduced resource waste through better communication. Her cross-disciplinary approach demonstrated how breaking down silos leads to more efficient and effective research. Her mentorship of young scientists, particularly from underrepresented groups, helped build a more sustainable scientific workforce. Conclusion As we face increasingly complex global challenges like climate change, emerging diseases, and sustainability, Dr Wong-Staal's legacy offers valuable lessons for the scientific community. Her approach demonstrates that sustainability isn't just about finding technical solutions, it's about understanding how these solutions work in different contexts and ensuring they benefit all communities. Her remarkable journey from Hong Kong to becoming a groundbreaking HIV researcher illustrates how embracing diverse perspectives can lead to more sustainable and effective scientific solutions. Wong-Staal's story reminds us that diversity in science isn't just about fairness, it's about effectiveness and innovation. Just as HIV required a novel approach to understand and treat, today's challenges demand fresh perspectives and creative thinking. When we welcome different viewpoints and experiences in scientific research, we multiply our chances of finding breakthrough solutions. The next world-changing discovery might come from someone who, like Wong-Staal, brings a unique perspective to the laboratory. By embracing intersectionality in science – recognizing that researchers' diverse backgrounds, experiences, and viewpoints enhance rather than hinder scientific progress – we're not just opening doors for underrepresented groups. We're opening doors to innovation itself, creating a richer, more dynamic scientific community capable of tackling the complex challenges of our time. This article is part of a series "Embracing intersectionality in science: the key to innovation and sustainability". [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal [2] https://www.jstor.org/stable/1740343 [3] https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099%2820%2930645-9/fulltext [4] https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe4095

The complete list is available herelist Top 50 EU influencers on LinkedIn Original article naming the TOP 50 EU influencers 2024 on LinkedIn is available here . #EUinfluencer 2024 Top 50 influencers on LinkedIn . Alberto Alemanno  https://www.linkedin.com/in/alemanno/ 2. Patrick Hansen  https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrickghansen/   3. Marco Ricorda https://www.linkedin.com/in/marco-ricorda/   4. Berta Herrero https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertaherreroestalayo/   5. Jorge Molina-Martinez https://www.linkedin.com/in/jorgemolinamartinez/    6. Pablo Pérez https://www.linkedin.com/in/pabloperezarmenteros/   7. LShada Islam   https://www.linkedin.com/in/shada-islam-bb3a8a17/    8. Katie Owens https://www.linkedin.com/in/kathrynowens/ 9. Kaj Embren   https://www.linkedin.com/in/kajembren/    10. Gerardo Fortuna  https://www.linkedin.com/in/gerardo-fortuna-464237118/   11. Sevinc Kader https://www.linkedin.com/in/kadersevinc/   12. Eduardo Cuoco  https://www.linkedin.com/in/eduardocuoco/   13. Samuel Stolton https://www.linkedin.com/in/samuel-stolton-885809157/   14. Tomi Huhtanen  https://www.linkedin.com/in/tomihuhtanen/   15. Daniel Fiott https://www.linkedin.com/in/danielfiott/    16. Victoria de Posson   https://www.linkedin.com/in/vdeposson/    17. Sari Arho Havrén  https://www.linkedin.com/in/sari-arho-havr%C3%A9n-phd-2023878/   18. Camille Grand https://www.linkedin.com/in/camille-grand-32b54a111/ 19. Raquel Jorge Ricart  https://www.linkedin.com/in/raquel-jorge-ricart-573030189/     20. Dégi László Csaba  https://www.linkedin.com/in/csabadegi/    21. Katarzyna Kowalewska  https://www.linkedin.com/in/katarzyna-kowalewska/   22. Audrey-Flore Ngomsik https://www.linkedin.com/in/audrey-flore-ngomsik-phd-sustainability/   23. Sebastián Rodríguez https://www.linkedin.com/in/sebastianrodpe/ 24. Gareth Harding https://www.linkedin.com/in/gareth-harding-%F0%9F%87%BA%F0%9F%87%A6-12879814/   25. Fabrice Stassin  https://www.linkedin.com/in/fabrice-stassin1976/    26. Emoke Péter  https://www.linkedin.com/in/emokepetereu/   27. Reineke Hameleers https://www.linkedin.com/in/reineke-hameleers-5662145/   28. Jon Worth https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonworth/   29. Aaron McLoughlin  https://www.linkedin.com/in/aaron-mcloughlin-1a86281/   30. Heiko Borchert https://www.linkedin.com/in/heikoborchert/    31. James Kanter  https://www.linkedin.com/in/james-kanter-2258b07a/   32. Laura Kayali  https://www.linkedin.com/in/laura-kayali-5899a622/     33. Christel Delberghe https://www.linkedin.com/in/christel-delberghe/   34. Dave Keating  https://www.linkedin.com/in/davekeating/    35. Umberto GAMBINI  https://www.linkedin.com/in/umberto-gambini-9036523/    36. Cecilia Bonefeld-Dahl https://www.linkedin.com/in/cecilia-bonefeld-dahl-802690/   37. Andrew Stroehlein https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrewstroehlein/    38. Andreea Strachinescu https://www.linkedin.com/in/andreea-strachinescu-6269bb25/   39. David Henig https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-henig-5418a3b/ 40. Roxane Roethlisberger Feller https://www.linkedin.com/in/roxane-fellerbrusselsbelgium/recent-activity/all/   41. Julien Hoez https://www.linkedin.com/in/julienhoez/    42. Ralf Pastleitner https://www.linkedin.com/in/ralf-pastleitner-2783b327/   43. Ariel Brunner https://www.linkedin.com/in/ariel-brunner-503b563b/    44. Marco Ranieri  https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcoranieri/   45. Mark Dober  https://www.linkedin.com/in/markdober/    46. Dirk Jacobs https://www.linkedin.com/in/dirkjacobsfooddrinkeurope/   47. Nathalie Moll https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathaliemoll/    48. Remco Timmermans https://www.linkedin.com/in/remcotimmermans/   49. Krzysztof Bulski  https://www.linkedin.com/in/bulski/ 50. Harold (Daenens) Tor https://www.linkedin.com/in/haroldtor/

This text is the transcript of the opening remarks of Dr Audrey-Flore Ngomsik, president of the Brussels Binder. Close your eyes for a moment...   ... and imagine...   ... a typical policy debate, somewhere in the heart of Brussels. Dark wood panels line the walls, portraits of past leaders watch from above. Around a massive oval table, policy experts discussing Europe's future. Every face is white, male, and over 50. Their identical navy suits blend into one another. They all attended the same schools, grew up in the same neighbourhoods, went on vacation in the same places and so on. Their voices echo with the same accent, their perspectives shaped by the same experiences.   Today’s debate is about energy policy. No one mentions energy poverty affecting single mothers. No one considers how the green transition affects rural women running small businesses. No one brings up how energy-efficient housing renovations might be inaccessible to some households. No one discusses how energy poverty disproportionately impacts women with disabilities who need constant power for medical equipment.   Yesterday, they discussed mobility... No one raised the safety concerns of women commuting at night. Last week, debates were about digital transformation... No one considered the elderly or disabled users. Tomorrow, they will shape migration policies... And no one in the room has ever experienced being a minority, let alone having actually been a refugee themselves. No one will question why highly qualified women migrants end up cleaning houses despite their doctoral degrees. No one will mention how family reunification policies assume a male breadwinner model, leaving skilled women trapped in their countries of origin. No one will raise how current requirements for proof of persecution ignore gender-specific forms of violence. No one considers how the lack of recognition for foreign qualifications particularly affects female-dominated professions like nursing or teaching.   And now you may open your eyes again... That's not just a diversity problem – that's a competency crisis. Because homogeneous thinking leads to blind spots, and blind spots lead to failed policies that ignore the reality of millions of Europeans. Dear distinguished guests, fellow advocates, friends... Today, as we gather here at the Brussels Binder Post-European Elections Event, we must confront the uncomfortable truth that the recent elections have revealed a stark reality: while we hoped for progress, the representation of women in the European Parliament has actually declined. The statistics from our recent European elections tell a sobering story. Not only has women's representation in the European Parliament decreased but we're witnessing the rise of political forces that actively challenge the very foundations of inclusion and diversity. This is a call to action for all of us. At the Brussels Binder, we don't just point out problems – we create solutions. For years, we've been building bridges between diverse voices and policy spaces, challenging the notion that expertise only comes in one form. Our database of women experts has become an invaluable resource for those seeking to break the echo chamber of policy discussions. Our stand for intersectionality in our manifesto signed by more than 150 influential figures in Brussels and Europe is an acknowledgement of our desire to see policy designed for all. Today, we're privileged to have with us: MEP Saskia Bricmont (Greens, Belgium) MEP Abir Al-Sahlani (Renew, Sweden) Julie Pascoët, European Network Against Racism (ENAR) Helena Lambsdorff, Inclusion Europe Daniel Friedlaender (CCIA Europe)   Panel discussion (Credit Pictures: Indre Krivaite and Anna Gumbau) Their presence demonstrates that diversity in policymaking isn't just an aspiration – it's achievable when we commit to it.   The fragmentation we're seeing in the European Parliament presents both challenges and opportunities. Yes, we face increased resistance to inclusion. But this also means our work is more crucial than ever. We need to ensure that diverse voices aren't just heard but are actively shaping the policies that affect all Europeans. As we navigate these challenging times, allow me to share something personal. This will be my final year as President of the Brussels Binder. In 2025, I'll be transitioning to co-lead Women in Economic Policy , with Elisa Hörhager, continuing our shared mission in a new capacity. This isn't a goodbye – it's a commitment to expanding our impact in different ways. The Brussels Binder has never been about any single person or role. It's about a movement – your movement. It's about every expert who's added their voice to our database, every organization that's embraced diverse panels, and every policymaker who's recognized that better representation leads to better policies. And, last but certainly not least, it’s about all the volunteers who make it all happen – big kudos to you! And in particular: Anja Wyrobek, Zina Nazarenko and Muireann Geary who led the organisation of this event. Conclusion As we begin today's discussion, I challenge each of you to think beyond your comfort zones. How can we turn this moment of political transformation into an opportunity for genuine inclusion? How can we ensure that diversity isn't just a buzzword but a fundamental principle of European policymaking? The answers to these questions won't come from a homogeneous group thinking in unison. They'll emerge from discussions - like this one – where different perspectives meet, challenge each other, and create something stronger together. Thank you, and let's make this conversation count. I now give the floor to Saskia Bricmont, who has kindly sponsored the networking session that will occur after the panel discussion.

In the vivid town of Idemili North, Anambra State, Nigeria, a young girl gazed up at the sky, captivated by its mysteries. Little did she know that her curiosity would one day lead her to unravel some of the atmosphere's most intriguing secrets. This is the story of Professor Francisca Nneka Okeke, a trailblazing Nigerian physicist whose groundbreaking research on the ionosphere has revolutionized our understanding of Earth's upper atmosphere and its connection to climate change. A passion ignited in her early years Born in 1956, in Onitsha, Nigeria, Francisca Okeke grew up in Idemili North, Anambra State.[1] As a young girl, Francisca was fascinated by the sky and had many questions about it. She wondered: why the sky changed colors. and how airplanes could fly through it without falling. This early curiosity about natural phenomena sparked her interest in science.[2] Francisca's father, who held a PhD in mathematics, played a significant role in her early education. He encouraged her interest in STEM subjects, mentoring and teaching her.[2] This support was crucial, as she was living in a society where women were often discouraged from pursuing careers in science. Her father's influence as both a mathematician and a philanthropist helped shape Francisca's academic aspirations. Despite societal expectations, her passion for understanding the world around her never stopped. She excelled in her studies, earning a Bachelor's degree in Physics from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in 1980.[1] Francisca's journey in academia was marked by determination and perseverance. She went on to obtain two Master's degrees - one in Science Education (1985) and another in Applied Earth Geophysics (1989) - before completing her Ph.D. in Ionospheric Geophysics in 1995. [2] Her doctoral research focused on studying the ionosphere, which is a region of Earth's upper atmosphere containing electrically charged particles.[3]   Unraveling atmospheric mysteries: The Equatorial electrojet phenomenon After completing her doctoral studies in 1995, she continued to focus on the ionosphere. The Equatorial electrojet phenomenon became a central part of her research as she delved deeper into ionospheric phenomena. This electrojet is essentially a river of electric current that flows eastward around the Earth's magnetic Equator in the ionosphere. Professor Okeke recognized the significance of this phenomenon and its potential implications for understanding climate change and other geophysical processes. Her work on the Equatorial electrojet phenomenon involves studying how solar activity in the ionosphere affects Earth's magnetic field. This research has far-reaching implications, potentially helping to pinpoint sources of dramatic phenomena like tsunamis and earthquakes.[4] Understanding The Equatorial Electrojet Phenomenon Imagine there's an invisible river of electricity flowing high above our heads, about 100 kilometres up in the sky. This is what scientists call the Equatorial electrojet phenomenon. Just like a real river flows with water, this "river" flows with electric current, but you can only find it near Earth's magnetic equator. It's pretty much like having a giant wire wrapped around Earth, but it only works during the day! This is what got Dr. Okeke really excited about her research. Living in Nigeria, which is close to Earth's magnetic equator, she had the perfect spot to study this amazing phenomenon. It's like having a front-row seat to one of nature's most impressive shows! Dr. Okeke spent years studying how this electric river changes according to the sun activities. You know how the sun sometimes has those huge explosions we call solar flares? Well, these explosions can make this electric river behave differently. It's a bit like how a peaceful stream might turn into rushing rapids after a storm. Why should we care about an electric river we can't even see? Well, it turns out this research is super important! When you use your phone's GPS to find your way around, or when your parents watch satellite TV, these signals have to travel through the area where this electric river flows. Understanding how it works helps us make these technologies work better. Even more impressively, Dr. Okeke discovered that this electric river might help us predict natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. It's like having an early warning system in the sky! She also found connections between this electric current and climate change, helping us better understand how our Earth's atmosphere is changing. Dr. Okeke's work shows us how studying something that seems so far away can actually help solve problems right here on Earth. Climate change and Africa: Pr Francisca Okeke's unique perspective As an African scientist, Professor Okeke brings a crucial perspective to climate change research. Her work bridges the gap between global atmospheric phenomena and their local impacts on the African continent. Climate change is not just a scientific issue, it's a human one. Professor Okeke often says. In Africa, we're seeing firsthand how changes in our atmosphere are affecting agriculture, water resources, and livelihoods. It's crucial that we have African scientists at the forefront of this research, bringing our unique experiences and knowledge to the table. And in 2024, we are not there yet. The African continent, the one who contributes the least to climate change, and suffers the most, is notoriously underrepresented in the past IPCC report.[5]  Moreover the lack of diversity in climate science research is not due to the lack of scientists from diverse background, but because they have more difficulty to be published because of biases in the scientific community.[6] Breaking barriers: Pr Okeke, a woman in STEM In a field dominated by men, Pr Okeke faced numerous challenges. However, she turned these obstacles into opportunities, becoming a role model for aspiring female scientists across Africa. Her achievements speak volumes: -        First female Head of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (2003-2006) -        First female Dean of the Faculty of Physical Sciences (2008-2010) -        First female Professor of Physics in Eastern Nigeria [1] Professor Okeke's commitment to gender equality in STEM is evident in her actions. During her tenure as department head, she actively advocated for the inclusion of more women, resulting in the hiring of three new female faculty members. Embracing intersectionality: The power of diverse voices in science Professor Okeke's journey exemplifies the importance of intersectionality in scientific research. Her identity as an African woman in STEM has shaped her approach to science, leading to innovative perspectives that might have been overlooked by researchers from different backgrounds. "Science is not neutral," she explains. "Our experiences, our culture, our gender - they all influence the questions we ask and how we interpret the results. That's why diversity in science is so crucial. It leads to more comprehensive, nuanced understanding of our world." Some practical examples Consider, for instance, the development of drought-resistant crops. When initially approached by predominantly male Western scientists, the focus was largely on genetic modification and large-scale industrial farming solutions. However, when diverse research teams including women scientists from affected regions became involved, the innovation pathway shifted dramatically. They brought in crucial knowledge about local farming practices, indigenous seed preservation techniques, and the specific challenges faced by women farmers who, in many parts of Africa, make up the majority of smallholder farmers. (The scientist's research describe in our chapter 12 is a good example). In urban planning for climate resilience, teams led by scientists from diverse backgrounds considered factors that are overlooked by more homogeneous groups. For example, Professor Okeke's understanding of both atmospheric science and local Nigerian communities helped identify how weather pattern changes specifically affect informal settlements, leading to more inclusive and effective urban adaptation strategies. Empowering the next generation Professor Okeke's impact extends far beyond her research. She has supervised 36 M.Sc. and 23 Ph.D. students, nurturing the next generation of African scientists.[7]  Her efforts to encourage girls and women to pursue physics have helped change the landscape of STEM education in Nigeria and beyond. I want every young girl in Africa to know that she belongs in science. Professor Okeke asserts. Our voices, our perspectives are needed to solve the complex challenges facing our world today. A legacy of innovation and sustainability Professor Francisca Okeke's work and legacy exemplify the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Her groundbreaking research in atmospheric physics contributes significantly to our understanding of climate change, addressing a critical environmental challenge of our time. [7] This work not only advances scientific knowledge but also informs policy decisions that can lead to more sustainable environmental practices. Social sustainability Professor Okeke's advocacy for women in STEM and her role as a mentor have been instrumental in promoting gender equity in science. As the first female Head of Department and Dean in her faculty at the University of Nigeria, she has broken barriers and inspired countless women to pursue careers in physics and other scientific fields. This push for diversity in science is crucial for social sustainability, as it ensures that a wide range of perspectives and talents are brought to bear on global challenges. Economic sustainability Professor Okeke's efforts to build scientific capacity in Africa contribute directly to the continent's sustainable development. By training numerous M.Sc. and Ph.D. students, she is helping to create a skilled workforce capable of driving innovation and economic growth in Nigeria and beyond. Her work exemplifies how investing in education and research can lead to long-term economic sustainability. Environmental sustainability The Natural Synthesis movement, which Professor Okeke's work aligns with, further reinforces these sustainability principles. By encouraging the use of indigenous materials and techniques in art creation, it promotes environmental sustainability through the valuation of local resources. In essence, Professor Okeke's work embodies the principle that true sustainability is achieved when environmental protection, social equity, and economic development are pursued in tandem. Her legacy continues to inspire a new generation of scientists and artists to work towards a more sustainable and equitable future for all. Conclusion Professor Okeke's legacy challenges us to move beyond acknowledging the problem of underrepresentation to actively creating pathways for diverse voices in climate science - because the future of our planet requires nothing less than the full spectrum of human talent and perspective. When scientific teams embrace intersectionality, the resulting innovations are more likely to: Address the needs of marginalized communities Consider local cultural contexts and traditional knowledge Account for gender-specific impacts and challenges Create solutions that are both technically sound and socially implementable Bridge the gap between global scientific knowledge and local practical application In the words of Professor Okeke, Science knows no boundaries - of gender, race, or nationality. When we bring together diverse perspectives, we expand the horizons of what's possible. That's how we'll build a more sustainable, equitable future for all. This article is part of a series exploring the importance of intersectionalty in science for innovation and sustainability. [1]   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisca_Nneka_Okeke [2]   https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/2021/04/09/francisca-nneka-okeke/ [3]   https://thisisafrica.me/africans-rising/prof-nneka-okeke-nigerian-physicist-climate-change/ [4]   https://afroscientric.com/2015/02/20/sky-is-the-limit/ [5] https://climateanalytics.org/comment/how-africa-can-be-better-represented-in-the-next-cycle-of-ipcc-reports-and-why-it-matters [6]   https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-the-lack-of-diversity-in-climate-science-research/ [7]   https://old.aasciences.africa/fellow/okeke-franscisca-nneka